Author: Joy Federico
[words in square brackets are mine. - PJS]
- Translating : True or False VS “Katotohan” or “Kasinungalingan”
a) Details / precision are/is lost once we translate.
b) Although both words (Truth and 'katotohan') refer to 'truthfulness', they can be conveyed differently, depending on the usage.
c) How the words are formed was based on a cultural context.
ex. The word, “katotohan”, when splitted apart, means relationship (ka-)-this (ito)-communality (-an). Thus, combining these fragments that makes up the word, gives us the notion that 'katotohan' means that the truth is based on something that is experienced by the community.
d) Using the words as an example, we can see the cultural differences between the west and the Filipinos. (ex. The west finds the value in precision as opposed to the Filipino culture which is more community-oriented.)
- Aletheia (αλήθεια)
b) Word breakdown: 'a' = is a negative prefix. (Ex. Asexual, amoral)
` 'leth' = means hiding or concealing.
'eia' = to be in a condition.
Summing all, aletheia in Greek context means “unconcealment”.
c) For the Greeks, truth is something that is already there but in concealment.
d) Again, for the Greeks, truth is not something that is verified instead, it is something that appears from its concealment.
- Introduction to Parmenides' Work
- Doxa (δόξα ) and Phainomenon (φαινόμενον )
b) Phainomenon is translated as 'phenomenon', meaning, an occurrence or an appearance of something we cannot completely explain.
c) An opinion is the reaction to a phenomenon thus, it varies per person. However, some phenomena are intended to appear as the truth. (Ex. A conman's work)
d) An appearance could be acting as the truth but it could be a deception. (As Sir said, “Science is built to find out the hidden truth among things that appear.”)
[c and d above are both unclear]
- Parmenides' Poem
b) The poem lost it[s meter] since it has already been translated.
c) Written like an epic. Like an epic, the poem addresses that it is not easy to find the truth.
d) The search for truth is only possible if the warrior is patronized by the heavens.
e) Truth cannot be accessed by pure search instead, it must be experienced.
f) Except for the persona, the characters in the poem are all women.
-Women and men are different in the understanding of knowledge. Men tend to be more objective. Women, in contrast, give more value to experience. (Ex. The persona is being guided by women.)
g) Juxtaposition of Light and Night to[knowledge] and ignorance. (The persona having left the Palace of Night to go towards the light.)
[Friendly comment: Here we find the details. But where are the insights?]
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